Crossword – Basic Vocabulary 15

crossword puzzle
Across
1 the feeling of wanting something that someone else has; jealousy (4)
4 to employ for some purpose (3)
6 an adult female (5)
8 a conjunction used to join two words, phrases, etc referring to things that are related in some way (3)
9 available for anyone to use (6)
11 a large group of musicians playing various instruments, and led by a conductor (9)
13 a short piece of thread that has been sewn into a piece of clot (6)
15 when one nation fights against another (3)
17 to do something in a particular way or for a particular reason (3)
18 something that is sudden or unexpected (8)
19 the fourth month (5)
20 opposite of dry (3)
21 a formal promise that something will be done (9)
23 definite article (3)
25 stretched out to full length (12)
26 the act of making something stronger (13)
28 a container used for cooking which is round, deep, and usually made of metal (3)
29 a hard block of baked clay used for building walls and houses (5)
30 the speed at which something happens over a period of time (4)
32 a salty body of water (3)
33 not wet (3)

Down
1 flat and level, with no parts that are higher than other parts (4)
2 personal pronoun for 2nd person, singular or plural (3)
3 to connect two things together (4)
4 a statement that is not strong enough to express how good, bad, etc something really is (14)
5 a large long pile of earth, used in the past to stop attacks (9)
7 by a great amount (4)
9 to strongly disagree with something (7)
10 something such as a right, property, money etc that you believe you should have because of the family or country you belong to (10)
11 a statement that is in exaggerated terms (13)
12 a vehicle that flies through the air and has one or more engines (8)
14 life after death (9)
16 bird that is kept for its meat and eggs (4)
22 a printed piece of paper that shows you have paid entrance to somewhere (6)
24 physically strong and not likely to become ill or weak (7)
25 the place or situation in which something begins to exist (6)
26 to make something press against something else and move it around (3)
27 a preposition used to show what a part belongs to or comes from (2)
28 a thick flat object made of cloth or rubber, used to protect or clean something, or to make something more comfortable (3)
31 conjunction used for comparing two things (2)
32 an adverb used when emphasizing the degree or amount of something by saying what the result is (2)


Idiom Focus: Animal Idioms 22

Every Saturday I’ll give you a couple of idioms to learn. An idiom is a saying or phrase whose meaning cannot be taken from the literal meanings of the words.

look a gift horse in the mouth:    complain if a gift is not perfect

Example:  

So what if you had to ride in the back of the pickup truck?  At least you didn’t have to walk – don’t look a gift horse in the mouth.

look like the cat that swallowed the canary:    look very self-satisfied, look as if one just had a great success

Example:  

She looks like the cat that swallowed the canary – I heard she’s planning on divorcing her husband, and suing to get her hands on his wealth.


Writing Assignment: At Graduation (Solution)

receiving the sheepskin

Click for larger image

1.    Where was this picture taken?
This picture was taken outside, on an athletic field.

2.    Whom do you see in the picture?
We see a man and a girl in the picture.

3.    What are they doing?
They are standing, and the man is passing something to the girl.

4.    What is the man dressed in?
The man is dressed in a suit and tie.

5.    What is the girl dressed in?
The girl is dressed in a cap and gown.

6.    What is in their hands?
A diploma is in their hands.  The man is handing out a diploma to the girl.

7.    Why is the man giving the girl a diploma?
The man is giving the girl a diploma because she has graduated from school.

8.    What is this ceremony called?
This ceremony is called a graduation ceremony, or commencement exercises.

9.    Who is usually present at a graduation?
The people that are usually present at a graduation include parents, the graduates, the faculty, friends and family of the graduates, and the members of the band and choir.

10.    What parts are usually in commencement exercises?
Commencement exercises often consist of procession, speeches, awarding of honors, distribution of diplomas, and recession.  There is also often special music by the band and/or the choir.

11.    What kinds of awards are usually presented at a graduation ceremony?
The awards that are usually presented at a graduation ceremony include graduation cum laude (with honor), magna cum laude (with great honor), and summa cum laude (with highest honor).  In addition, the school recognizes the top two students, based on grade point average (GPA):  valedictorian (highest GPA) and salutatorian (second highest GPA).

12.    Who might give a speech at commencement exercises?
The principal of the school, or a well-respected teacher, might give a speech at commencement exercises.  Sometimes there is also a guest speaker at commencement exercises, especially at a college or university.  And usually the valedictorian and/or the salutatorian will give a commencement speech as well.

13.    How is it determined which students will give a speech?
The valedictorian and salutatorian are chosen to give a commencement speech based on their class rank.

14.    How do the graduates get their diploma?
The graduates line up to get their diploma, and they walk across the stage after their name has been called.  They walk up to the person handing out the diplomas and shake his hand as he gives them the diploma.

15.    What does a graduate do right after he receives his diploma?
Immediately after receiving the diploma, the graduate switches the tassel on his mortarboard from the right-hand side to the left (undergraduate and high school).

16.    What does the graduating class often do after everyone has received his diploma?
After everyone has received his diploma, the entire graduating class often toss their mortarboards high into the air.

17.    What can take place after a graduation ceremony?
After a graduation ceremony, there usually is picture-taking.  People also like to have celebrations like a graduation party.

18.    How might a family celebrate a son or daughter’s graduation?
A family might celebrate a son or daughter’s graduation by taking family and friends out to dinner, or hosting a dinner party at their home.

19.    What kind of graduation present might be given to the graduate?
Graduation presents that are often given to the graduate range from nice pens or dictionaries (especially for those who are going on to college or university) to cars or apartments (especially for those who have graduated from college or university, and are starting off on their own life).

20.    How might the graduate celebrate?
The graduate might celebrate by attending a graduation party with his friends or classmates.  This is usually separate from a graduation party with the family.

Paragraph:  Graduation

When I graduated from high school, the weather was nice.  It wasn’t too hot, it wasn’t too cold, and it was sunny, so we were able to have the graduation ceremony on the football field.  The commencement exercises were scheduled for 1 p.m., so all the graduates gathered at the high school beforehand to get ready.  The girls wore nice dresses, and the boys wore suits and ties.  Of course everyone would wear a cap and gown for the graduation ceremony, but we still dressed up.  Many of us would have some sort of celebration, such as a graduation dinner, afterwards, so dressing up was appropriate.  A number of the girls wore a corsage on their gowns.  Just before the start of the graduation ceremony, we lined up at the end of the football field and waited for the band to start playing the traditional graduation music, Pomp and Circumstance.  We marched in procession to our seats and sat down, row by row.  One of our classmates was handicapped and thus in a wheelchair, so a couple of the boys wheeled him in the procession.

Once everyone had taken their seat, the principal gave some opening remarks.  A local pastor opened with a word of prayer, and then there several speeches – one by the superintendent, one by the principal, one by the valedictorian, and one by the salutatorian.  Although the speeches were all different, they all had a common theme – the secret to success in life lay in hard work, dedication, and perseverance.  Like most commencement speeches, they were meant to inspire us to work hard and dream for our future.

It was difficult to remember exactly who said what, because we were all excited to be graduating from high school – it was an important milestone in our lives, a marker that we were finally adults:  some of us would start working full time and move out on our own, some of us would go into military service, and some of us would be getting ready to attend college or university in the coming fall.  Before we knew it, all the speeches were over, and it was time to begin handing out the diplomas.  Row by row, we stood up and got in line, waiting for the moment when our name was called and we would march across the stage, shake hands with the superintendent as he handed us our diploma, pause a moment for the photographer who took a picture of our personal milestone, and switch the tassel on our cap from the right side to the left, to signify our new status as graduates.  We then finished the walk across the stage and went back to our seats.

After everyone had received his diploma, the principal then addressed the audience of family and friends:  “Ladies and gentlemen, I now present to you the Class of 1981.  Congratulations!”  At these words, a number of the graduates took off their caps and tossed them high into the air, happy to hear those magic words.  Then the band struck up the recessional music, and we marched off the field, marching away from high school, away from our childhood and into adulthood, into the future.


Writing Assignment: At Graduation

big milestone

Click for larger image

 

Vocabulary

commencement
commencement exercises
graduate
cap
gown
tassel
diploma
announcement
Class of 2012
speech
Valedictorian
Salutatorian
grade point average
class rank
mortarboard
procession
recession
awards
honors
cum laude
magna cum laude
summa cum laude
graduation party
graduation present

1.    Where was this picture taken?
2.    Whom do you see in the picture?
3.    What are they doing?
4.    What is the man dressed in?
5.    What is the girl dressed in?
6.    What is in their hands?
7.    Why is the man giving the girl a diploma?
8.    What is this ceremony called?
9.    Who is usually present at a graduation?
10.    What parts are usually in commencement exercises?
11.    What kinds of awards are usually presented at a graduation ceremony?
12.    Who might give a speech at commencement exercises?
13.    How is it determined which students will give a speech?
14.    How do the graduates get their diploma?
15.    What does a graduate do right after he receives his diploma?
16.    What does the graduating class often do after everyone has received his diploma?
17.    What can take place after a graduation ceremony?
18.    How might a family celebrate a son or daughter’s graduation?
19.    What kind of graduation present might be given to the graduate?
20.    How might the graduate celebrate?

Paragraph:  Graduation

Have you completed your education?  Did you have a formal graduation ceremony?  What was it like?  Write a brief paragraph describing graduation ceremonies or customs in your country.


Grammar Basics: Unit 44 – isn’t…., haven’t…., don’t…., etc. (Solution)

Exercise.  Turn the following sentences into negative sentences.

Example:

The soup was hot. ==> The soup wasn’t hot.

1.    Mom can knit mittens for the bazaar.
Mom can’t knit mittens for the bazaar.

2.    I am going to the concert.
I’m not going to the concert.

3.    You must be careful.
You mustn’t be careful.

4.    We were late for the bus.
We weren’t late for the bus.

5.    You should let your sister clean your room.
You shouldn’t let your sister clean your room.

6.    The baby was afraid of the elephant.
The baby wasn’t afraid of the elephant.

7.    I will wash the car.
I won’t wash the car.

8.    Dick and Jane have been to Canada.
Dick and Jane haven’t been to Canada.

9.    Sheri is sweeping the sidewalk.
Sheri isn’t sweeping the sidewalk.

10.    Mr. Smith has written a book.
Mr. Smith hasn’t written a book.

11.    Tom, Dick, and Harry are staying after school.
Tom, Dick, and Harry aren’t staying after school.

12.    Jack could see the scar on the man’s forehead.
Jack couldn’t see the scar on the man’s forehead.

13.    I would like to take Mr. Jones’ class.
I wouldn’t like to take Mr. Jones’ class.

Exercise.  Turn the following sentences into negative sentences.  Use don’t / doesn’t / didn’t.

Example:

Max plays the saxophone. ==> Max doesn’t play the saxophone.

1.    Mark has a black cat.
Mark doesn’t have a black cat.

2.    The car got a flat tire.
The car didn’t get a flat tire.

3.    Sally and Mary grow watermelons in their backyard.
Sally and Mary don’t grow watermelons in their backyard.

4.    The dogs barked all night.
The dogs didn’t bark all night.

5.    The refrigerator works now.
The refrigerator doesn’t work now.

6.    Hank fixes our car.
Hank doesn’t fix our car.

7.    I went to the bank.
I didn’t go to the bank.

8.    The choir sings the national anthem.
The choir doesn’t sing the national anthem.

9.    The barber cut my hair.
The barber didn’t cut my hair.

10.    Father made breakfast in bed for Mother.
Father didn’t make breakfast in bed for Mother.


Grammar Basics: Unit 44 – isn’t…., haven’t…., don’t…., etc.

not” is used to make negative sentences.  Sentences using “not” often use the contracted form.

For “be” verbs, we have:

am ==> am not (’m not):

I am hungry. ==> I am not hungry. / I’m not hungry.

is ==> is not (isn’t, ’s not):

John is tall. ==> John is not tall. / John isn’t tall. / John’s not tall.

are ==> are not (aren’t, ’re not):

We are coming. ==> We are not coming. / We aren’t coming. / We’re not coming.

was ==> were not (weren’t):

The children were playing. ==> The children were not (weren’t) playing.

For modal verbs that are not forms of the verb “be,” we have:

have ==> have not (haven’t, ’ve not):

I have read that book. ==> I have not read that book. / I haven’t read that book. / I’ve not read that book.

has ==> has not (hasn’t, ’s not):

Mary has eaten breakfast. ==> Mary has not eaten breakfast. / Mary hasn’t eaten breakfast. / Mary’s not eaten breakfast.

will ==> will not (won’t):

I will go to the library. ==> I will not (won’t) go to the library.

can ==> cannot (can’t):

Max can speak French. ==> Max cannot (can’t) speak French.

could ==> could not (couldn’t):

We could go to Tom’s wedding. ==> We could not (couldn’t) go to Tom’s wedding.

should ==> should not (shouldn’t):

Bob should go to bed early. ==> Bob should not (shouldn’t) go to bed early.

would ==> would not (wouldn’t):

I would like to visit Switzerland. ==> I would not (wouldn’t) like to visit Switzerland.

must ==> must not (mustn’t):

I must wake up Father. ==> I must not (mustn’t) wake up Father.

To make negative sentences for “do” verbs, use:

do not (don’t) / does not (doesn’t) + V (inf.)

(This is for the simple present.)

I work on Tuesdays. ==> I do not (don’t) work on Tuesdays.
That restaurant has the best coffee. ==> That restaurant does not (doesn’t) have the best coffee.
Tom wants to go to Disneyworld. ==> Tom does not (doesn’t) want to go to Disneyworld.
Jane likes pumpkin pie. ==> Jane does not (doesn’t) like pumpkin pie.

For the negative simple past of “do” verbs:

did not (didn’t) + V (inf.)

I ate an apple. ==> I did not (didn’t) eat an apple.
Mother baked a cake. ==> Mother did not (didn’t) bake a cake.
We had a good time. ==> We did not (didn’t) have a good time.

For imperative sentences (commands), use “do not (don’t)” to make a negative command.

Run away. ==> Do not (Don’t) run away.
Be afraid. ==> Do not (Don’t) be afraid.
Hang up the phone. ==> Do not (Don’t) hang up the phone.

If “do” is the main verb, we still use “do not / did not” to form negative sentences:

I do my homework every day. ==> I do not (don’t) do my homework every day.
Jack does the laundry on the weekend. ==> Jack does not (doesn’t) do the laundry on the weekend.
Peter did as he was told. ==> Peter did not (didn’t) do as he was told.

Exercise.  Turn the following sentences into negative sentences.

Example:

The soup was hot. ==> The soup wasn’t hot.

1.    Mom can knit mittens for the bazaar.
______________________________________

2.    I am going to the concert.
______________________________________

3.    You must be careful.
______________________________________

4.    We were late for the bus.
______________________________________

5.    You should let your sister clean your room.
______________________________________

6.    The baby was afraid of the elephant.
______________________________________

7.    I will wash the car.
______________________________________

8.    Dick and Jane have been to Canada.
______________________________________

9.    Sheri is sweeping the sidewalk.
______________________________________

10.    Mr. Smith has written a book.
______________________________________

11.    Tom, Dick, and Harry are staying after school.
______________________________________

12.    Jack could see the scar on the man’s forehead.
______________________________________

13.    I would like to take Mr. Jones’ class.
______________________________________

Exercise.  Turn the following sentences into negative sentences.  Use don’t / doesn’t / didn’t.

Example:

Max plays the saxophone. ==> Max doesn’t play the saxophone.

1.    Mark has a black cat.
______________________________________

2.    The car got a flat tire.
______________________________________

3.    Sally and Mary grow watermelons in their backyard.
______________________________________

4.    The dogs barked all night.
______________________________________

5.    The refrigerator works now.
______________________________________

6.    Hank fixes our car.
______________________________________

7.    I went to the bank.
______________________________________

8.    The choir sings the national anthem.
______________________________________

9.    The barber cut my hair.
______________________________________

10.    Father made breakfast in bed for Mother.
______________________________________


Culture Focus: National Parks

Purple Mountain Majesties

Iceberg Cirque, Glacier National Park (Rocky Mountains, Montana)

Many people enjoy nature, so it is not surprising that they would want to set some land aside as parks or recreational areas to preserve the rugged beauty of nature.  It was in this spirit that America’s first National Park, Yellowstone, was established in 1872.

John Muir and Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt (left) and John Muir on Glacier Point in Yosemite National Park

Although people acknowledged the importance of preservation and conservation, for many years there was no systematic approach to the acquisition of land for nature preservation.  Indeed, the well-known nature preservationist John Muir took U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt on a tour of the Western United States to impress upon him the need to develop a federal approach to setting up a national park system.  But it wasn’t until 1916 that the National Park Service was created under President Woodrow Wilson.  The original vision of the National Park Service was “…to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and wildlife therein, and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations.”

Now, there are over 365 National Park Service areas in the US, including 58 actual National Parks.  The National Park Service has been expanded to include:

National Parks:  There are 58 of these, including the famous Yellowstone, Yosemite, and Grand Canyon.

National Monuments:  There are 74 of these.  National Monuments are similar to National Parks – the main difference has to do with how an area is established as a National Monument.  Examples of National Monuments include:  the Statue of Liberty, Fort McHenry (associated with the war of 1812, and Francis Scott Key inspired to write the Star Spangled Banner), Fort Sumter (the place where the first shot of the American Civil War was fired), and Muir Woods (where the Redwood Forest is, near San Francisco).

National Historical Parks, National Historic Sites, and International Historic Sites:  There are 123 areas that fall into this category.  These sites are sites of historic significance, or are a significant cultural resource, or have some significant cultural or natural feature.  Examples include Ford’s Theatre (where President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated) and Colonial National Historical Park, which contains the Jamestown National Historic Site (where the first permanent English settlement in North America was located).

National Memorials:  There are 28 National Memorials, which memorialize a historic person or event.  Examples include the Jefferson Memorial, the Lincoln Memorial, Mount Rushmore, and the Washington Monument.

National Military Parks / National Battlefield Parks / National Battlefield Sites / National Battlefields:  There are 24 sites that fall under this category.  They are battle sites preserved by US government, including Gettysburg National Military Park and Gettysburg National Cemetery, and Shiloh National Military Park.

National Parkways:  There are 4 protected scenic roadways, including the Blue Ridge Parkway located in the Appalachian Mountains.

National Recreation Areas:  There are 18 sites designated as National Recreation Areas, where the primary focus is on water-based recreation.  An example of this is Golden Gate National Recreation Area near San Francisco.

National Lakeshores / National Seashores:  These are coastal areas that have been preserved for their beauty.  There are 4 National Lakeshores, all in the Midwest:  Sleeping Bear Dunes in Michigan, the Apostle Islands in Wisconsin, the Indiana Dunes, and Pictured Rocks in Michigan.  There are 10 National Seashores, including Padre Island in Texas, Cape Cod in Massachusetts, and Cape Hatteras in North Carolina.

National Rivers and National Wild and Scenic Rivers and Riverways:  There are 15 rivers or riverways that have this designation for their scenic, recreational, geologic, fish & wildlife, historic, and cultural importance.  An example of this is the East Branch of the Tahquamenon River in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula.

National Scenic Trails:  There are 11 trails of particular natural beauty that have received this designation, including the Appalachian National Scenic Trail and the Continental Divide National Scenic Trail.

There is an entrance fee for the National Parks.  This fee ranges from $7 – $20, but it is good for seven days.  If you are planning on visiting a lot of National Parks, you can instead buy an annual pass (known as the “America the Beautiful pass” for $80.  This annual pass is good for an entire year from the date of purchase.

What can you do at a National Park?  All kinds of things, depending on the particular park, and the time of year.  Possible activities include:

  • Camping (RV, tent, backpacking)
  • Hiking
  • Biking
  • Climbing
  • Swimming / Scuba diving
  • Skiing
  • Snowmobiling
  • Boating / Canoeing / Kayaking
  • Horseback riding
  • Picnicking
  • Fishing
  • Hunting
  • Birdwatching / Wildlife viewing

The most popular National Parks:

  1. Yosemite National Park, California.  Established 1890.  In 2011 it had 3,951,393 visitors.
  2. Glacier National Park, Montana.  Established 1910.  In 2011 it had 1,853,564 visitors.
  3. Acadia National Park, Maine.  Established 1916.  This was the first national park east of the Mississippi River.  In 2011 it had 2,374,645  visitors.
  4. Zion National Park, Utah.  Established 1909.  In 2011 it had 2,825,505 visitors.
  5. Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming.  Established 1929.  In 2011 it had 2,587,437 visitors.
  6. Denali National Park, Alaska.  Established 1917.  This was originally named Mount McKinley National Park, and it is home to the highest mountain in North America.   In 2011 it had 406,582 visitors.
  7. Arches National Park, Utah.  Established 1929.  In 2011 it had 1,040,758 visitors.
  8. Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.  Established 1919.  In 2011 it had 4,298,178 visitors.
  9. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.  Established 1872.  This is the oldest National Park.  In 2011 it had 3,394,322   visitors.
  10. Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado.  Established 1915.  In 2011 it had 3,176,941 visitors.

Grammar Basics: Unit 43 – Too/either, so am I/neither do I, etc. (Solution)

Exercise.  Complete the responses by writing “too” or “either.”

Example:

My birthday’s in July. — My birthday is ___________.  ==>  My birthday’s in July. — My birthday is too.

1.    It didn’t rain on Friday.
It didn’t rain on Saturday either.

2.    Tom was late for school yesterday.
Sam was late too.

3.    Jane is getting married in June.
Susan is getting married in June too.

4.    Dick doesn’t like coffee.
Jane doesn’t like coffee either.

5.    I can play the piano.
Kathy can play the piano too.

6.    I haven’t seen the new movie.
We haven’t seen the new movie either.

7.    I can’t wait to see you next week!
I can’t wait to see you next week either!

8.    William Shakespeare was a famous writer.
Mark Twain was a famous writer too.

9.    Mark won’t eat his supper.
He won’t eat his dessert either.

10.    Jake went hunting last weekend.
Bill went hunting last weekend too.

Exercise.  Respond to the following sentences with either “So…I” or “Neither…I”

Example:

I wouldn’t want to be in his shoes.— ____________. ==> I wouldn’t want to be in his shoes.—Neither would I.

1.    I wouldn’t know what size shoes Max wears
Neither would I.

2.    I was just thinking about Mrs. Carson.
So was I.

3.    I have the complete works of J.S. Bach on CD.
So do I.

4.    I love the smell of fresh-baked bread.
So do I.

5.    I haven’t heard any more about Carly’s grandmother.
Neither have I.

6.    Wendy could pick Helen up at the airport next Tuesday.
So could I.

7.    Wait, I’m not ready to leave yet.
Neither am I.

8.    It looks like Howard won’t be coming to the party this Saturday.
Neither will I.

9.    Peter can do a hundred push-ups.
So can I.

10.    Mary didn’t finish her report on the Pilgrims.
Neither did I.


Grammar Basics: Unit 43 – Too/either, so am I/neither do I, etc.

If we can say the same thing as another person, we can add “too” or “either” at the end of a sentence.

too – At the end of a sentence with a positive verb:

I’m tired. — I’m tired too. / I am too.
John is a student. — I am a student too. / I am too.
Mike went to Canada on his vacation. — Really?  We did too.
Tim can speak German. — I can too.

either – At the end of a sentence with a negative verb:

I’m not tired. — I’m not tired either. / I’m not either.
John isn’t a student. — I’m not a student either. / I’m not either.
Tom can’t speak German. — I can’t either.
Mike didn’t go to Canada on his vacation. — We didn’t either.

Other options for a sentence with a positive verb:

so am I = I am too:

I’m going to college next fall. — So am I.  (I’m going to college next fall too.)
The Martins are moving to Wyoming. — So are we.  (We are moving to Wyoming too.)

so do I = I do to (do, can, would, should, etc.):

I like swimming. — So do I.
I can ride a bike. — So can I.
I should go to bed now.  — So should I.
I’d like to have a million dollars. (I would like to have a million dollars.) — So would I.
We have three cats. — So do the Smiths.
Jack went camping in Michigan. — So did we.

Other options for a sentence with a negative verb:

neither am I = I’m not either:

I’m not going to college next fall. — Neither am I. (I’m not either.)
The Martins aren’t moving to Wyoming. — Neither are we.  (We aren’t either.)

neither do I = I don’t either (do, can, would, should, etc.):

I don’t like dogs. — Neither do I.
I can’t speak Italian. — Neither can I.
I would never treat my mother like that! — Neither would I!
Dick shouldn’t eat so much. — Neither should Harry.

 
Exercise.  Complete the responses by writing “too” or “either.”

Example:

My birthday’s in July. — My birthday is ___________.  ==>  My birthday’s in July. — My birthday is too.

1.    It didn’t rain on Friday.
It didn’t rain on Saturday ___________.

2.    Tom was late for school yesterday.
Sam was late ___________.

3.    Jane is getting married in June.
Susan is getting married in June ___________.

4.    Dick doesn’t like coffee.
Jane doesn’t like coffee ___________.

5.    I can play the piano.
Kathy can play the piano ___________.

6.    I haven’t seen the new movie.
We haven’t seen the new movie ___________.

7.    I can’t wait to see you next week!
I can’t wait to see you next week ___________!

8.    William Shakespeare was a famous writer.
Mark Twain was a famous writer ___________.

9.    Mark won’t eat his supper.
He won’t eat his dessert ___________.

10.    Jake went hunting last weekend.
Bill went hunting last weekend ___________.

Exercise.  Respond to the following sentences with either “So…I” or “Neither…I”

Example:

I wouldn’t want to be in his shoes.— ____________. ==> I wouldn’t want to be in his shoes.—Neither would I.

1.    I wouldn’t know what size shoes Max wears
___________.

2.    I was just thinking about Mrs. Carson.
___________.

3.    I have the complete works of J.S. Bach on CD.
___________.

4.    I love the smell of fresh-baked bread.
___________.

5.    I haven’t heard any more about Carly’s grandmother.
___________.

6.    Wendy could pick Helen up at the airport next Tuesday.
___________.

7.    Wait, I’m not ready to leave yet.
___________.

8.    It looks like Howard won’t be coming to the party this Saturday.
___________.

9.    Peter can do a hundred push-ups.
___________.

10.    Mary didn’t finish her report on the Pilgrims.
___________.


Education Focus: Graduation

proud graduate

 

For this week’s educational focus, I want to take a look at graduation. “Graduation” just means that the student has completed the necessary work for a particular grade level, and can then be moved up to the next level. However, when you say the word “graduation,” most people will think of a specific ceremony marking the end of a particular stage in a student’s life, and his moving on to the next stage. This “moving on” is also called “commencement,” and the graduation ceremony is also often called “commencement exercises.”

In the American educational system, the transition from junior high school to high school, from high school to college, and from college to the working world are all marked by graduation ceremonies. Thus, we have 8th grade graduation, high school graduation, and college graduation. For the ceremony, the graduates (the students who are moving on) march in to solemn music (traditionally, “Pomp and Circumstance” by Elgar – midi, or see Wikipedia’s sample (which is played too fast for commencement exercises) at the bottom of its page) and take their seat in an auditorium. All the graduates are dressed in cap and gown, with a tassel hanging from the right side of the cap. Various speeches are given by the principal or other school officials, the valedictorian (the top-ranked student in the class), and the salutatorian (the student who is ranked second in the class). Sometimes, in the case of a college graduation ceremony, a notable person may be awarded an honorary degree from the school (for outstanding work in a particular field, for example), and then that person would most likely give a speech as well. The speeches tend to be motivational, encouraging the students to continue to do their best and be a positive influence wherever they may be. After all the speeches, the students line up to get their diploma (the symbol of the degree that they earned), and the principal or dean reads off the names of the graduates. As his name is called, the graduate crosses the stage, shakes hands and accepts the diploma, and switches his tassel from the right side to the left. The switching of the tassel symbolizes that the student is now a graduate. Afterwards, the student steps off the stage and returns to his seat. When all the students have received their diplomas, they are presented to the audience by the dean or principal: “I now present to you the class of [year],” and many graduates then throw their caps in the air in celebration.

The graduate’s family often prepares some sort of celebration as well, and graduation parties are very common. Particularly in the case of 8th grade and high school graduations, it is common to have a graduation picnic or pool party for the whole class. Many parents also give a nice graduation gift to their graduate, such as money, a new bicycle, or other reward for having successfully completed school.